ABS(): SELECT ABS(-9); : Return absolute (positive) value

SIGN(): SELECT SIGN(-9); : Return sign of number (-1,0,1)

CEIL(): SELECT CEIL(4.2); : Round up to nearest integer

FLOOR(): SELECT FLOOR(4.8); : Round down to nearest integer

ROUND(): SELECT ROUND(4.567,2); : Round to given decimal places

TRUNCATE(): SELECT TRUNCATE(123.456,1); : Truncate without rounding

MOD(): SELECT MOD(11,4); : Return remainder of division

% operator: SELECT 11 % 4; : Alternate syntax for MOD

POWER(): SELECT POWER(2,8); : Raise number to a power

EXP(): SELECT EXP(1); : Return e raised to a power

SQRT(): SELECT SQRT(25); : Return square root

LOG(): SELECT LOG(10,100); : Logarithm with custom base

LN(): SELECT LN(7); : Natural logarithm

LOG10(): SELECT LOG10(100); : Base-10 logarithm

RAND(): SELECT RAND(); : Generate pseudo random number

PI(): SELECT PI(); : Return constant

SIN(): SELECT SIN(PI()/2); : Trigonometric sine

COS(): SELECT COS(0); : Cosine of angle

TAN(): SELECT TAN(PI()/4); : Tangent of angle

ACOS(): SELECT ACOS(1); : Inverse cosine

DEGREES(): SELECT DEGREES(PI()); : Convert radians to degrees

RADIANS(): SELECT RADIANS(180); : Convert degrees to radians

LEAST(): SELECT LEAST(5,9,3); : Return smallest argument

GREATEST(): SELECT GREATEST(5,9,3); : Return largest argument

CONV(): SELECT CONV(15,10,2); : Convert number between bases

BIT_COUNT(): SELECT BIT_COUNT(7); : Count bits set to 1

CRC32(): SELECT CRC32('abc'); : Compute CRC32 checksum

WIDTH_BUCKET(): SELECT WIDTH_BUCKET(score,0,100,4) FROM exams; : Assign numeric bucket category