IF / THEN / ELSE: IF [Profit]>0 THEN 'Positive' ELSE 'Negative' END : Row level conditional logic

IIF( ): IIF([Ship Mode]='Same Day',1,0) : Single line conditional with three args

CASE : CASE [Segment] WHEN 'Consumer' THEN 1 WHEN 'Corporate' THEN 2 END : Simplify multi equals conditions

AND / OR / NOT : IF [Profit]>0 AND [Sales]>1000 THEN 'Top' END : Combine boolean tests

ISNULL( ): ISNULL([Postal Code]) : Check for missing values

ZN() : ZN([Profit]) : Turn NULL into zero

NULLIF (): NULLIF([Sales],0) : Return null when expression equals second

IFNULL( ): IFNULL([State],'Unknown') : Replace null with alternative

INT( ) : INT([Order ID]) : Cast to integer

FLOAT( ): FLOAT([Quantity]) : Cast to float