MAKEPOINT(): MAKEPOINT([Lat],[Lon]) : Create geographic point

MAKELINE(): MAKELINE([Start], [End]) : Create line for routes

DISTANCE(): DISTANCE([Start],[End],'mile') : Calculate distance units

BUFFER(): BUFFER([Point],10,'km') : Radius around location (2020.4+)

AREA(): AREA([Polygon]) : Surface area measure

HEXBIN() (Map): HEXBIN([Lon],[Lat]) : Spatial density grid

REGION(): [Postal Code] recognized : Automatic geocoding role

Spatial Join: Join two spatial layers on intersection : Combine polygons/points